engine of souls | forum 2

Assignment:   Check out the two websites.  There are two assignments for this forum project.  One is to explain twenty things you have learned from the sites (total).  Check out the interactive features, the case studies, the video excerpts, the different hourly segments, etc.  List them all here.  Then answer the following questions in your own words. 

What I Learned

1. Birth outcomes are generally better for those with higher education and income, Black women with college degrees are still more likely to give birth prematurely than white women who havent even finished high school.
2. Chronic stress of racism can become embedded in the body, taking a heavy toll on African American families and on children even before they leave the womb.
3. Recent Mexican immigrants, though typically poorer, tend to be healthier than the average American.
4. The longer immigrants live here, the worse their relative health becomes, even as their economic status improves.
5. The Pima and Tohono Oodham Indians of southern Arizona have arguably the highest rates of Type 2 diabetes in the world.
6. The lives and health of Marshall Islanders in the South Pacific were disrupted in a unique fashion when the U.S. used their outer islands for extensive nuclear testing after WWII.
7. Extensive research has shown that high demand-low control jobs are a recipe for chronic stress.
8. Most scientists agree that race doesn't exist biologically, yet unequal health outcomes persist among racial groups.
9. Study after study has confirmed the existence of a gradient linking health to wealth.
10. As a group, U.S. Hispanic populations are similar to African Americans in terms of average household income, wealth distribution and people living in poverty, but they have lower occupational status, educational level and medical coverage.
11. Latinos tend to have better health than even white Americans.
12. Several promising initiatives around the country have been launched to improve work and social conditions for immigrants and glean lessons that can benefit all of us.
13. Lack of data and the heterogeneity of Asian American groups makes it difficult to get a clear picture of health issues in these communities.
14. The wellbeing of Asian Americans - like all other groups in the U.S. - is influenced by the social conditions in which they live: wealth and income level, educational status, neighborhood environment and experiences with racism.
15. The range of outcomes within the Asian American population reflects the diversity of resources and opportunities in various communities and the health-promoting and health-constraining circumstances available to them.
16. Globalization and changes in the labor market over the past 30 years have resulted in a dramatic transformation in the nature and conditions of work complicating our picture of the sources and types of stressors that workers face, as well as subsequent health outcomes and remedies.
17. Most scientists agree that race doesn't exist biologically, yet unequal health outcomes persist among racial groups.
18. On average, those on the top (the wealthy) enjoy healthier, longer lives than those in the middle, while those on the bottom are sickest and die sooner than everyone else.
19. Recent arrivals have the best outcomes; those who are native born or more acculturated do relatively worse.
20. Native communities are taking matters into their own hands finding hope for their health by strengthening ties to traditional culture, fighting for their rights, and trying to regain control over their destinies. 

Questions 

1.       What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?
Its about how our health is affected, not by natural dieseases, but by the socio-economic ladder. Such as the wealthy live longer than the middle or poorer classes.

2.       What are social determinants of health?
Health is determined by wealth, because people on the top of the ladder (rich) lives longer and healthier lives than the middle class and lower class. Those on the bottom get sicker more and often die sooner. 
 
3.       What is the difference between individual health and population health?

 

4.       How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?

5.       Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?

6.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

 

7.       Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?

8.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?


9.       What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?

Evaluation:  You will receive 80 points for listing and explaining 20 things learned and you will receive 80 points for answering the nine questions above.   You will receive 20 points for asking a question or posting a comment to another students post and 20 points for responding.  This forum assignment counts as two grades.

-- Edited by mre at 15:26, 2008-11-12

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-- Edited by Cassy23 at 17:32, 2008-11-12

mre wrote:

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Sources: http://www.unnaturalcauses.org/, http://www.pbs.org/unnaturalcauses/index.htm

Background:   It often appears that we Americans are obsessed with health. Media outlets trumpet the latest gene and drug discoveries, dietary supplements line shelf after shelf in the supermarket and a multi-billion dollar industry of magazines, videos and spas sells healthy "lifestyles." We spend more than twice what the average rich country spends per person on medical care.  Yet we have among the worst disease outcomes of any industrialized nation - and the greatest health inequities. It's not just the poor who are sick. Even the middle classes die, on average, almost three years sooner than the rich.  At every step down the socio-economic ladder, African Americans, Native Americans and Pacific Islanders often fare worse than their white counterparts. Interestingly, thats not the case for most new groups of immigrants of color.  Recent Latino immigrants, for example, though typically poorer than the average American, have better health.  But the longer they live here, the more their health advantage erodes.

Assignment:   Check out the two websites.  There are two assignments for this forum project.  One is to explain twenty things you have learned from the sites (total).  Check out the interactive features, the case studies, the video excerpts, the different hourly segments, etc.  List them all here.  Then answer the following questions in your own words. 

1.       What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?

2.       What are social determinants of health?

3.       What is the difference between individual health and population health?

4.       How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?

5.       Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?

6.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

7.       Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?

8.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

9.       What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?

Evaluation:  You will receive 80 points for listing and explaining 20 things learned and you will receive 80 points for answering the nine questions above.   You will receive 20 points for asking a question or posting a comment to another students post and 20 points for responding.  This forum assignment counts as two grades.

-- Edited by mre at 15:26, 2008-11-12

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what i learned:
1) Oodham Indians in southern Arizona, have the highest rates of Type 2 diabetes in the world!
2) high demand-low control jobs are a recipe for chronic stress
3) race doesn't exist biologically, yet unequal health outcomes persist among racial groups
4) Wealthy people enjoy healthier, longer lives than those in the middle class, but those in the lower class are sickest and die sooner than everyone else.
5) There is an unequal power relationship that keeps the island nation dependent on the U.S.
6) By trying to improve living conditions and health outcomes would mean striking a delicate balance between U.S. interests and the island
7) Even though Latinos have lower occupational status, lower education leves, and medical coverage but they tend to have better health than white americans.
8) Life expectancy at birth is extremely low in the United states.
9) U.S. rates second highest in Gross Domestic Product per Capita.
10) Health care costs the highest in the Unisted States.
11)  the smoking rate in the united states is only 24%
12) in Mongolia the smoking rate is 68%
13) Children in poverty in the U.S. 21.9% which is really high compared to other countries.
14) Birth mortality in the U.s. is  6.37% which is thed 4th highest rank
15) The US scored worse then 70 other countries when it came to income inequality.
16) Living in a high stress life tends to give you a higher blood pressure.
17) There is racial segregation in many American cities, including New York, Chicago, Milwaukee and Detroit!
18) Louisville Metro maps reveal 5- and 10-year gaps in life expectancy between the citys rich, middle- and working-class neighborhoods.
19) racial inequality imposes an additional risk burden on people of color
20)the chronic stress of racism can become embedded in the body

1.African American women are at increased risk during pregnancy, not because of something innate to their biology, but because of the cumulative impact of racism they experience over their lifetime
2.People in the lowest income brackets are at least twice as likely to become diabetic as those in the highest
3.Richmond has higher than average rates of asthma hospitalization, higher rates of diabetes, and lower life expectancy. Not coincidentally, Gwais area also has higher rates of poverty, lower income rates, and lower rates of educational attainment.
4.Between 1934 and 1962, less than 2% of $120 billion in government-backed home loans went to non-white households
5.In Northern California around the same time period, out of 350,000 federally guaranteed new home loans, fewer than 100 went to Black families.
6.Studies have shown, for example, that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood leads to a 50-80% increase in risk for heart disease the number one killer in America
7.

 

http://www.unnaturalcauses.org/, http://www.pbs.org/unnaturalcauses/index.htmd

 

 

 

unfinished1 Oodham Indians, living on reservations in southern Arizona, have perhaps the highest rates of Type 2 diabetes in the world.foods like tepary beans, cholla buds, and wild game were replaced by surplus commodities like white flour, lard, processed cheese and canned foods -by changing their eating habits and style, and do to stress because of living in poverty

 

2 African immigrants to the U.S. and U.S.-born white women had similar birth outcomes, yet African American women tended to have babies that weighed significantly lessbelieve that chronic stress is the culprit: unequal treatment causes anxiety and the release of stress hormones, which over a lifetime of constant activation not only creates wear and tear on the body's organs and systems, but can trigger premature labor

 

3 Two billion people worldwide are infected with the TB bacillus, but only 9 million people a year actually get the disease.mostly on Marshall island because the island were used as testing grounds for nuclear bombs, one equivalent to 1.7 Hiroshima blasts every day for 12 years.

 

4 In Gwais environment, petrochemical companies release tons of pollutants each year.Richmond has higher than average rates of asthma hospitalizationTobacco, liquor and fast food are everywhere, but fresh produce isnt.

 

5 Recent Mexican immigrants, although poorer, tend to be healthier than the average American. They have lower rates of death, heart disease, cancer, and other illnesses, despite being less educated, earning less and having the stress of adapting to a new country and a new language.But as they are here longer, their health advantage erodes. After five years or more in the U.S., they are 1.5 times more likely to have high blood pressure and be obese than when they arrived.

 

6 places with chemicals plants in the air can cause people to have seizure, and business that owns these chemicals filled area will not tell the community the safety hazard that comes from these chemicals  

 

7 The U.S. spends the most money on health care, but ties for 30th place in life expectancy. All of the countries that rank higher in the Health Olympics have a smaller gap in income distribution between their richest and poorest citizens.

 

8 It's not just the poor who are sick. Even the middle classes die, on average, almost three years sooner than the rich.Recent Latino immigrants, for example, though typically poorer than the average American, have better health.  But the longer they live here, the more their health advantage erodes.

 

9 In 1980, we ranked 14th in life expectancy; by 2007, we had fallen to 29th. Our infant mortality rate lags behind 30 other countries. And illness now costs American business more than $1 trillion a year in lost productivity

 

10 if you are twins and you grow up to the age of 18 and one becomes famous and the other one becomes in the working class they end up have different health status

 

11constant activation of the stress response wears down the bodys system, resulting in higher rates of disease and early death.

 

12Compared to other countries, the U.S. has the greatest income inequality and the worst health. Today, the top one percent of Americans owns more wealth than the bottom 90% combined. Economic inequality is greater than at any time since the 1920s.

 

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20 things I learned from unnatural causes.

1.     Yet we have among the worst disease outcomes of any industrialized nation and the greatest health inequities. It's not just the poor who are sick. Even the middle classes die, on average, almost three years sooner than the rich.
2.     Our international health status has fallen radically in the last few decades.
3.     Illness now costs American business more than $1 trillion a year in lost productivity.
4.     The conditions of our early life not only affect how sick or well we are as children
5.     Chronic stress, like other conditions that threaten or promote health, is distributed unevenly through society along class and racial lines.
6.     Education plays an important role in health because it both shapes and reflects so many other factors that affect other peoples chances.

to be continued...

-- Edited by svizzy09 at 17:35, 2008-11-13

Assignment:Check out the two websites.There are two assignments for this forum project.One is to explain twenty things you have learned from the sites (total).Check out the interactive features, the case studies, the video excerpts, the different hourly segments, etc.List them all here.Then answer the following questions in your own words.

9 Questions:


1.What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?
the significance is that it isnt natural and that this shouldnt happen to us but yet it is happening to us and will occur.

2.What are social determinants of health?
to be very honest, health is based on wealth and prosperity, those who own a fortune are likely to have a better health than those who dont have as much.

3.What is the difference between individual health and population health?
individuals could be unique and be something differrent and catchy but a population woud be characterized and known by the same idea and example.

4.How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes? inequality gives one the chance to get covered and not the other which result terrible consequences. health is important because health determines one's ability to be successful in life.

5.Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?
we think of health in health care wise because  companies  promote them so they can  money off of it and they convince people to get their right from their government.

6.What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society? money really helps which sets up a  healthy, beautiful life.  diseases  such as cancer,  and tumors can be a disturbance and can be caused on its own.

7.Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society? i agree because it is bad but not worse, we can live through it  fairly alright , it isnt  the end of the world.

8.What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?money really helps which sets up a  healthy, beautiful life.  diseases  such as cancer,  and tumors can be a disturbance and can be caused on its own.

9.What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?it can be changed if the wealthy is hurt by it and if they want to solve the problem. everyone gets it. they wealthy can change events and they can sway congress and the government.

Evaluation: You will receive 80 points for listing and explaining 20 things learned and you will receive 80 points for answering the nine questions above.You will receive 20 points for asking a question or posting a comment to another students post and 20 points for responding.This forum assignment counts as two grades.

20 things i learned:

1..i learned that our diet and ways of life are determined by our economic status.
2.high demand-low control jobs are a starter for chronic stress
3.We spend more than twice what the average rich country spends per person on medical care.
4.Yet we have among the worst disease outcomes of any industrialized nation
5.It's not just the poor who are sick.
6. Even the middle classes die, on average, almost three years sooner than the rich.
7.At every step down the socio-economic ladder, African Americans, Native Americans and Pacific Islanders often fare worse than their white counterparts.
8.thats not the case for most new groups of immigrants of color.
9.Recent Latino immigrants, for example, though typically poorer than the average American, have better health.
10. But the longer they live here, the more their health advantage erodes.
11.Our international health status has fallen radically in the last few decades.
12.In 1980, we ranked 14th in life expectancy; by 2007, we had fallen to 29th.
13.Our infant mortality rate lags behind 30 other countries.
14.And illness now costs American business more than $1 trillion a year in lost productivity.
15.Healthy behaviors, molecular research, and of course, universal health care are all important.
16.We produced UNNATURAL CAUSES to draw attention to the root causes of health and illness and to help reframe the debate about health in America.
17.Economic and racial inequality are not abstract concepts but hospitalize and kill even more people than cigarettes.
18.The wages and benefits we're paid, the neighborhoods we live in, the schools we attend, our access to resources and even our tax policies are health issues every bit as critical as diet, smoking and exercise.
19.the social circumstances in which we are born, live and work can get under our skin and disrupt our biology as surely as germs and viruses.
20.The wages and benefits we're paid, the neighborhoods we live in, the schools we attend, our access to resources and even our tax policies are health issues every bit as critical as diet, smoking and exercise.

Comment: to erin dalton
we dont need a lot of people to change a certain topic, one person can change things around quite easily, a good example can be mr. barack obama.


Question: to erin dalton
why do you think it takes a lot to makes things fair? why?




-- Edited by fahimmulti at 03:05, 2008-11-13

-- Edited by fahimmulti at 03:07, 2008-11-13

-- Edited by fahimmulti at 02:04, 2008-11-14

What I Learned
1.As a group, U.S. Hispanic populations are similar to African Americans in terms of average household income, wealth distribution and people living in poverty, but they have lower occupational status, educational level and medical coverage
2.Birth outcomes are generally better for those with higher education and income, Black women with college degrees are still more likely to give birth prematurely than white women who havent even finished high school.
3.Chronic stress of racism can become embedded in the body, taking a heavy toll on African American families and on children even before they leave the womb.
4.Recent Mexican immigrants, though typically poorer, tend to be healthier than the average American.
5.Many Native American have suffered from illnesses caused by the damming of the rivers in Arizona.
6.Diabetes has developed greatly among native American since the 1970s
7.The poor diets of American are a result of the way that foods are produced.
8.The use of preservatives and corn syrups is cheaper for production but bad for the consumers.
9. We are not lacking healthy food but its availability is scarce and it is more expensive.
10.On average, those on the top enjoy healthier, longer lives than those in the middle, while those on the bottom are sickest and die sooner than everyone else. 
11.Improving living conditions and health outcomes means striking a delicate balance between U.S. interests, island politics and the needs of the Marshallese.
12. The federal government has displaced many groups of people and has caused them to develop serious health conditions.
13.Bravo is a hydrogen bomb set of in the early 1950s.
14.As a result of this bomb many people developed cancers.
15.It was equal to 1000 times Hiroshima.
16.As a result of the Native Americans displacement they have developed health conditions.
17.They health conditions are a result of change in diet.
18.The damming if the ArizonaRiver has also prevented the natives from participating in rituals.
19.Because of this loss of tradition many natives are suffering from loss of identity.
20.This has resulted in an increase of fatalities involving alcohol because of depression.



1.  What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?
To explain how man has had an affect on the health of people living in certain regions.2.       What are social determinants of health? 
Your living conditions have a profound impact on your health. Marmot has nearly thirty years of his research to demonstrate that how much control you have over your life and the opportunities you have for full social participation are crucial for health, well-being, and longevity3.       What is the difference between individual health and population health?
Individual health is what affects an individual while population health effects mass amounts of people.4.       How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?
An example of social injustcie is the way that the natives have been treated by the federal governement. Their misplacemeant and the change of availibility of natural resources had caused both physical and mental distress on them.5.       Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them? We typically think of health in that way because of what the media portrays health care and personal behaviors. The people who benefit is the wealthy ones, they can afford healthcare and all the expensive luxuries as well as the people selling the products.6.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?  7.       Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?  I think that if the people feel they are being mistreated they should address the problem. I personally think that full responsibility falls in the hand of the peoples representatives. 8.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society? 9.       What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?



-- Edited by IndiaRussell09 at 16:58, 2008-11-13

-- Edited by IndiaRussell09 at 17:24, 2008-11-13

1. What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?An explanation of how man has affected the health of people living in certain regions. 2. What are social determinants of health? Your conditions of living impact your health. Thirty years of research that Marmot has proven the control of your life and opportunities for a well-living life. 3.What is the difference between individual health and population health?Individual affects the health of one being and population affect a good amount of people. 4.How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?Natural Resources are no longer available like they once were before. Injustice occurs from your roots or your native background.5.Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?

We only think of health that way because of how TV and different media demonstrate health. Most of the richer people benefit better because they are more likely to afford health care.

11. Many public health advocates believe investing in education is the single most effective intervention we can make to improve health outcomes and tackle inequities.
12. African American women give birth to a disproportionately high number of low-birth weight babies; Weighing on average half a pound less than the babies of white American women.
13. Studies indicate that unemployment can be measured by increased rates of mortality, domestic abuse, alcoholism, drug use and heart disease.
14. Physical environments in which we live shape our life chances and wellbeing.
15. When individuals are made to feel less valued or have no control over their work and living conditions, they experience increased stress and anxiety.
16. Strengthening family ties and personal connections is certainly important to improve health.
17. Class differences also affect the quality of care and attention that children receive, in both positive and negative ways.
18. Genes can affect disease risk on an individual level.
19. Women who have not finished high school are one and a half times as likely to give birth to a premature or low birthweight baby compared to those who have college degrees.
20. There's increasing evidence that repeated activation of the stress response early in life can literally affect the wiring of the brain

20 things i learned

1. Women who have not finished high school are one and a half times as likely to give birth to a premature or low birthweight baby compared to those who have college degrees. Babies born to a college graduate are twice as likely to survive past their first birthday.
2. On average, college-educated men live 6.8 years longer than men who have not graduated from high school, women 5.1 years longer.
3. Young people with less schooling are more likely to be unemployed or have unstable and unfulfilling jobs, and low literacy is linked to poverty, disadvantage, social exclusion, and ultimately poor health.
4. Food security means having adequate access to nutritious things to eat. In the developing world, the issue typically is getting enough food; in the industrialized world, it's more often a matter of getting the right food.
5. Nutrition in childhood, for example, affects learning, growth and development, which in turn affect educational success, job prospects and future behavioral patterns. Obese children are more likely to be obese as adults, increasing their risk for serious chronic diseases including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
6. Early childhood experiences can have powerful influences on an individual's health, not just in childhood but throughout life. Children born premature and underweight are more likely to face health problems than their peers, which can later lead to other factors which negatively impact health
7. People who are lower on the socioeconomic pyramid tend to be exposed to more formidable and ongoing stressors, e.g., job insecurity, unpaid bills, inadequate childcare, underperforming schools, and dangerous or toxic living conditions, crowded homes, even noisy streets.
8. Poor-quality housing poses a risk of exposure to many conditions that can contribute to poor health, such as indoor allergens that can lead to and exacerbate asthma (the leading chronic disease among children), injuries, and exposure to lead and other toxic substances.
9. Lead poisoning in children leads to irreversible damage that can limit intelligence and reading ability.
10. On average, college-educated men live 6.8 years longer than men who have not graduated from high school, women 5.1 years longer.
11. Among adolescents, those who stay in school are less likely to engage in risky behaviors, become teen parents, and end up in dead-end jobs without career prospects. Even among adults, improving basic skills and acquiring new ones enables them to pursue better employment opportunities and gain access to other resources.
12. In California, 90% of students in overcrowded schools are children of color, two thirds of them Latino. Schools in poor districts are notoriously under-resourced, with fewer class offerings, books, computers, enrichment activities and after-school programs.
13. Children who live in low-income communities are more likely to be exposed to environmental pollutants such as lead, dirty air, toxic mold and vermin - all of which can contribute to chronic ailments and poorer health, especially asthma.
14. Currently, the United States has the greatest inequality among rich countries - and the worst health inequities.
15. Due to racial and ethnic segregation, African Americans and Hispanics are far more likely to live in unhealthy neighborhoods than Whites of similar levels of income and education
16. Poor neighborhoods have weaker tax bases to support high-quality public schools and community programs for children, which influence health in multiple ways. Neighborhoods lacking public transportation can limit employment opportunities for low-income individuals.
17. Today, one in four Americans say they have no one to talk with about important matters - a number that has tripled in the last 20 years. Isolation is deadly, as researcher Lisa Berkman has shown, increasing the risk of nearly every cause of death.
18. Racial and ethnic background has profound effects on an individuals health primarily because of the different social and economic experiences advantages and disadvantages that go along with race and ethnicity.
19. Latinos tend to have better health than even white Americans.
20. Globalization and changes in the labor market over the past 30 years have resulted in a dramatic transformation in the nature and conditions of work complicating our picture of the sources and types of stressors that workers face, as well as subsequent health outcomes. and remedies

Assignment:   Check out the two websites.  There are two assignments for this forum project.  One is to explain twenty things you have learned from the sites (total).  Check out the interactive features, the case studies, the video excerpts, the different hourly segments, etc.  List them all here.  Then answer the following questions in your own words. 

1. Oodham Indians, living on reservations in southern Arizona, have perhaps the highest rates of Type 2 diabetes in the world
2. Healthy traditional foods like tepary beans, cholla buds, and wild game were replaced by surplus commodities like white flour, lard, processed cheese and canned foods, a diabetics nightmare.
3. Segregation and lack of access to jobs, nutritious foods, and safe, affordable housing have been harmful to the health of long-time African American residents.
4. In Gwais environment, petrochemical companies release tons of pollutants each year.
5. Many white families took advantage of federally backed home loans to start fresh in new areas, but discriminatory policies and practices excluded people of color from those same opportunities.
6. Between 1934 and 1962, less than 2% of $120 billion in government-backed home loans went to non-white households.
7. Studies have shown, for example, that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood leads to a 50-80% increase in risk for heart disease.
8. Two billion people worldwide are infected with the TB bacillus, but only 9 million people a year actually get the disease.
9. Between 1946 and 1958, 67 atomic devices were detonated the estimated yield equivalent to 1.7 Hiroshima blasts every day for 12 years.
10. Hundreds of other Marshallese were moved off their home islands to make way for the testing and to build the Ronald Reagan Missile Testing Site on Kwajalein Island.
11. Tuberculosis and other infectious diseases are fed by poverty and squalid conditions.
12. Lack of economic opportunities and healthy food options, combined with the stress of dislocation and cultural loss, have also led to high rates of chronic illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obesity and cancer.
13. In the U.S. tuberculosis rates fell 70% between 1900 and 1945, even before the drug to treat the disease was invented.
14. The health problems that Marshallese people experience today are the price theyve paid to help the U.S. maintain a strategic military presence in the Pacific.
15. The number of infants who die before their first birthday is much higher in the U.S. than in other countries.
16.Even well-educated Black women have birth outcomes worse than white women who haven't finished high school.
17. On average, the higher on the socioeconomic ladder you are, the lower your risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, infant death and preterm deliveries.
18. Unequal treatment causes anxiety and the release of stress hormones, which over a lifetime of constant activation not only creates wear and tear on the body's organs and systems, but can trigger premature labor.
19. Those on the top have the most access to power, resources and opportunity.
20. Those on the bottom are faced with more stressors unpaid bills, jobs that dont pay enough, unsafe living conditions, exposure to environmental hazards, lack of control over work and schedule, worries over children and the fewest resources available to help them cope.




1.       What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?

  To help people understand the causes of diseases and their health and to draw attention to the root causes of health and illness and to help reframe the debate about health in America.
2.       What are social determinants of health?

  
3.       What is the difference between individual health and population health?

4.       How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?

5.       Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?

6.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

7.       Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?

8.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

9.       What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?

Evaluation:  You will receive 80 points for listing and explaining 20 things learned and you will receive 80 points for answering the nine questions above.   You will receive 20 points for asking a question or posting a comment to another students post and 20 points for responding.  This forum assignment counts as two grades.

-- Edited by mre at 15:26, 2008-11-12

-- Edited by mre at 10:50, 2008-11-13

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-- Edited by jveloso8 at 17:30, 2008-11-13

D.crosson wrote:

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20 things I learned about unnatural causes  

1. I learned that life expectancy has dropped since 1980 Our international health status has fallen radically in the last few decades. In 1980, we ranked 14th in life expectancy; by 2007, we had fallen to 29^th place.

2.i learned that the lack of health care isnt the cause of our lacking life expectancy its our diet and ways of life.

3.i learned that our diet and ways of life are determined by our economic status.

4. wealthier people have access to better foods because they dont have to worry about bills as much, wear as a poverty family that has bills to pay and debt to ketch up on go for the cheaper way like dollar menu at McDonalds rather than a sub at dangleos.

5. inequality in American lifestyle is determinig our health.

6. UNNATURAL CAUSES is about people and communities creating better chances for health and well-being by improving access to resources and opportunities.

7.people who have the jobs that not every wants to do shouldnt be paid less than a job that may take some skill to do.

8.so I learned that stress is a major cause of health problems and the reason that people have stress is debt which can only be cured by money and money can only be acquired by working and so for those who dont go to college or cant afford to go to college are forced to be laborers witch then creates more stress because those jobs arent easy and people arent  totally dumb so they realize now that there in a situation thats not goin to get better because there locked into system of debt and hard work that doesnt pay enough to totally get you free from this debt.

9.i learned about the negative effects of racial inequity on physical health.

10.i learned how the poor and middle class are so much less healthy than those above them on the economic ladder, the factors in our society and communities that contribute to such disparities, and the areas that hold promise for improving the health of this country.

11.racial inequality imposes an additional risk burden on people of color
12.the chronic stress of racism can become embedded in the body
13.Oodham Indians in southern Arizona, have the highest rates of Type 2 diabetes in the world
14.African American women are at increased risk during pregnancy, not because of something innate to their biology, but because of the cumulative impact of racism they experience over their lifetime 
15.Between 1934 and 1962, less than 2% of $120 billion in government-backed home loans went to non-white households
16.Studies have shown that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood leads to a 50-80% increase in risk for heart disease the number one killer in America
17.Latinos tend to have better health history  then even whit americans.
18.On average, those on the top enjoy healthier, longer lives than those in the middle, while those on the bottom are sickest and die sooner than everyone else.
19.Globalization and changes in the labor market over the past 30 years have resulted in a dramatic transformation in the nature and conditions of work complicating our picture of the sources and types of stressors that workers face, as well as subsequent health outcomes and remedies.
20.Recent arrivals have the best outcomes; those who are native born or more acculturated do relatively worse. The same pattern seems to hold true for other immigrant groups. 

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the 9 questons
1.                   What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?  Too inform more people about how inequality effects are deaths caused by unnatural causes. 2.                   What are social determinants of health? well your diet is  most important then exercise  and social status is a big factor in that.   3.                   What is the difference between individual health and population health? How well every ones doing compared to one . 4.                   How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes? I have know I idea what this questions asking  5.                   Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them? Because we do. The government. They do. 6.                   What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that has nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society? To advanced for mee  7.                   Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society? I disagree society doesnt put health first they put a 100 things befor it like football basketball material things rather than focusing on the importance of healthy diets and living. 8.                   What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society? Who knows..  9.       What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?I have know idea..


-- Edited by D.crosson at 16:56, 2008-11-14

Twenty things I learned from the websites are:

1. The Oodham Indians have perhaps the highest rates of Type 2 diabetes in the world. The rates are continuing to rise as well.
2. The way you grow up affects your adulthood health. Children are getting stressed out with education, home, and income. This condition will affect their health in their years to come.

3. Obese children are more likely to be obese as adults, increasing their risk for serious chronic diseases including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

4. Many people of color experience a wide range of serious health issues at higher rates than do whites, including breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory illness and pain-related problems.
5. Teenagers are affected with numerous health problems, including asthma, diabetes and high blood pressure.
6. Poor urban blacks have the worst health of any ethnic group in America, with the possible exception of Native Americans.
7. Neighborhoods are being said to be helping destroy peoples health as well, with poor communities just involved in drugs and what not, spreading illnesses.
8. The black infant death rate in Westchester County is almost three times as high as the rate for the county as a whole.
9. Since the time of slavery, physicians have noted that the health of impoverished blacks is, in general, worse than that of whites.
10.  Its proven to seem that people living in disadvantage neighborhoods are more likely to have a heart attack than the people living in middle class.
11.  Communities of people were found to triple their depression, alcoholism, and domestic abuse rate because of layoffs. 3,000 employees were laid off from Elextrolux, leaving them depressed.
12.  Even though most people in America are health crazy, we spend twice as much as the average country would per person on medical care.
13.  Americans have been working more and more odd hours, like 24-hour days. Americans now even work longer days than Japanese.
14. Birth outcomes are generally better for those with higher education and income, Black women with college degrees are still more likely to give birth prematurely than white women who havent even finished high school.
15.  Health care is unequal between races.
16. The longer immigrants live here, the worse their relative health becomes, even as their economic status improves.
17. Intense studies has in fact, linked health to people wealth.
18. Latinos have less health problems than Americans.
19. The more money one has, the healthier they will be. The poor just sit there and suffer from illnesses.

20.   

QUESTIONS

1.             What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES? -  The significance is that people dont realize the real causes of their health issues. They dont see that its simply because of the neighborhood they live in, or the place they work at. People think its unnatural to be blaming these aspects.  2.                What are social determinants of health?­-The social determinants are that health is determined in people by their wealth. The rich people will experience less health issues than a poor person. They explain it like a latter, with the poor on the bottom step, suffering from these illnesses. The rich sit on the top, with rarely any health issues.  3.                What is the difference between individual health and population health? -Individual health is how one person is feeling, health wise. It focuses on one individual. On the other hand, the population health is the health of everyone as a whole. Its how the communities are viewed health wise. 4.                How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes? -Social injustice and inequality is a major factor of producing health consequences. If something in a community happens, stressed can be caused. This would be injustice and an inequality of their social life. It would cause them to have these health problems. For example, a factory could close down and thousands of people could be without a job. Also, the poor communities arent being helped. Its injustice letting them become ill. Health is very important, and its more than just individual behaviors. It involves your whole lifestyle as a person. Where you live, what your income is, and you work environment all contribute to health problems.   5.                Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them? -People are just prone to believing they are just as healthy as any other person. They believe that they will get the same illnesses that came from their family, or that everyone else is getting. They dont believe they can get stressed out over much, specially the rich people. These messages are coming from health companies and commercials. They produce these images for the rich and poor telling them everyone is taking care of, when really the poor are very rarely helped much.  6.                What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?   7.                Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disag0000000000000000000ree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?  8.                What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?   

What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen? 

-- Edited by sarahsnw at 17:18, 2008-11-14

-- Edited by sarahsnw at 17:27, 2008-11-14

1. What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?


The signifigance of the series is to explain about health. Its about why some of us get sicker more often and die sooner and what causes us to fall ill in the first place. The social, economic, and physical environments in which we are born, live and work profoundly affect our longevity and health.
2. What are social determinants of health? Seemingly small social differences in education, job title, income, even the size of your house or apartment have a profound impact on your health. Marmot has nearly thirty years of his research to demonstrate that how much control you have over your life and the opportunities you have for full social participation are crucial for health, well-being, and longevity.


3. What is the difference between individual health and population health?


Individual health is for one person and your diet and exercise may be different than what the dietary need for your population as a whole is. Environement, education, income, and social status also plays a role in your health as well as your populations health
4. How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?

5. Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?We typically think of health in that way because of what the media portrays health care and personal behaviors. The people who benefit is the wealthy ones, they can afford healthcare and all the expensive luxuries as well as the people selling the products.

6. 6. What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that has nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?
- People who come from poorer backgrounds are more likely to become ill. Those who are from poorer backgrounds tend to lack a higher education and therefore they have fewer resources available to them. It is largely known that many people of minority populations are included in this lower bracket, and because of that standing also have less available to them.



7. Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?
- I think it is really hard to pinpoint a direct cause or effect of inequality as far as health goes. People know that certain groups are more susceptible to becoming ill with certain diseases but they dont understand why. It is hard to expect someone who doesnt fully grasp the situation to be able to make a rational decision about how to fix it. I think that the responsibility to fix these things belong to those who have the authority to change it.




9. What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?
- More people need to be involved in making public policies that make all of Americas social systems accessible and equal for everyone. The only problem regarding that is that certain people feel that because they have money they are entitled to better care than an average American. I think that it would take a lot to make everything equal.

FIXED (CHANGES MADE)

20 things I learned.
1.indians in Arizona have the highest rate of type 2 diabetes.
2. high demand-low control jobs are a starter for chronic stress.
3.2 trillion dollars spent on health care
4.poor people die sooner then the average rich person 5.hispanics have less health care, lower income, also lower occupational status but they seem to better health then the average American.
6.influebced by the social conditions in which they live
7.More than 100 studies have linked racial discrimination to worse health.
8. chronic stress over the life course may cause additional health problem.
9.a black women who has a college degree is more likely to give birth prematurely then a white women who hasnt even finished high school.
10.The longer Mexicans live here the worse their relative health becomes
11.island of ebeye, tuberculosis and other diseases are fed by poverty and squalid conditions.
12.Greenville, Michigan tripled the number of their hospitals because of depression, alcoholism and domestic abuse.
13.we spend more then twice the average rich country spends per person on medical care.
14.Health is more than health care.
15.tofinding hope you strengthen ties to traditional culture, fighting for their rights, and trying to regain control over their destinies.
16. history in the U.S and other countries show us that inequities are not fixed.
17.Asian American groups makes it difficult to get a clear picture of health issues in these communities.
18.range of outcomes within the Asian American population reflects the diversity of resources the health-promoting and health-constraining circumstances available to them.

       

             19. Globalization and changes in the labor market over the past 30 years have resulted in a dramatic transformation

             20. Centuries ago type 2 diabetes was not known here.        Questions            1.                 What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?           It tells you that in it. It tells you some natural causes going around the world.           2.                 What are social determinants of health?           Health is determined by health the more rich your are the high risk you have not to die and the lowest poor die more frequently and younger.           3.                 What is the difference between individual health and population health?           Individual help is the health you have yourself as and individual. And population health is the health in your surroundings that other people have.          4.                 How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?           In justice in what I saw was the way the government mistreated the natives which caused them to have mental or serious stress on the natives.          5.                 Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them? The way we think of health is all healthcare and stuff which is mostly given out by the advertisements and the television and radio stations. We benefit from them but the investors get the benefit for the most part.          6.                 What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect healths that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society? Having less trouble with family and friends health you feel better and cause less stress on you, which can affect your health, as we know it.           7.                 Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?Disagree because I believe that you get health conditions come from yourself the way you live your lifestyle is the way your health comes out to be.          8.        Repeated twice as in number 6.               9.           What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?          For more people to get in the political things. Interacting with others making there lives less stressful.        

1.What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES? 
     - The title is used to signify that not all health problems arise from natural factors, like genetics, your predisposition to disease or environment. Things like your race, level of education, and economic status also play a role in how healthy you are and continue to be. 

2.What are social determinants of health? 
     - Things like your job, education level, race, and economic status play a role in your overall health because they are directly linked to stress levels, mental health issues, and a general overall feeling of good health. 

3. What is the difference between individual health and population health?

     - The individual health of a person is there own situation and their own predisposition to diseases and illness. Population health refers to the people of a particular region or culture and their predisposition to disease or illness, based on their environment, interactions, etc.
 

4.How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes? 
     - If people are treated unequally in even the most basic aspects of their lives then it is sure to roll over and affect not only their mental status, stress, etc. but also the physical aspects of it. People who have less education often have poor jobs where they are at risk of hurting themselves or getting sick. Also it has been proven that increased stress makes you more susceptible to becoming ill.

5.Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them? 
       - As far as most people know the only thing that can affect your health are those who you involve yourself with and things that you choose to do on your own. Most heath companies make you believe that everyone receives the same treatment and everyone has the same chances of being as sick or healthy as anyone else.

6.What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that has nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society? 
      - People who come from poorer backgrounds are more likely to become ill. Those who are from poorer backgrounds tend to lack a higher education and therefore they have fewer resources available to them. It is largely known that many people of minority populations are included in this lower bracket, and because of that standing also have less available to them.

7.Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society? 
       - I think it is really hard to pinpoint a direct cause or effect of inequality as far as health goes. People know that certain groups are more susceptible to becoming ill with certain diseases but they dont understand why. It is hard to expect someone who doesnt fully grasp the situation to be able to make a rational decision about how to fix it. I think that the responsibility to fix these things belong to those who have the authority to change it. 

9.What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?
      -  More people need to be involved in making public policies that make all of Americas social systems accessible and equal for everyone. The only problem regarding that is that certain people feel that because they have money they are entitled to better care than an average American. I think that it would take a lot to make everything equal.

mre wrote:

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Sources: http://www.unnaturalcauses.org/, http://www.pbs.org/unnaturalcauses/index.htm

Background:   It often appears that we Americans are obsessed with health. Media outlets trumpet the latest gene and drug discoveries, dietary supplements line shelf after shelf in the supermarket and a multi-billion dollar industry of magazines, videos and spas sells healthy "lifestyles." We spend more than twice what the average rich country spends per person on medical care.  Yet we have among the worst disease outcomes of any industrialized nation - and the greatest health inequities. It's not just the poor who are sick. Even the middle classes die, on average, almost three years sooner than the rich.  At every step down the socio-economic ladder, African Americans, Native Americans and Pacific Islanders often fare worse than their white counterparts. Interestingly, thats not the case for most new groups of immigrants of color.  Recent Latino immigrants, for example, though typically poorer than the average American, have better health.  But the longer they live here, the more their health advantage erodes.

Assignment:   Check out the two websites.  There are two assignments for this forum project.  One is to explain twenty things you have learned from the sites (total).  Check out the interactive features, the case studies, the video excerpts, the different hourly segments, etc.  List them all here.  Then answer the following questions in your own words. 

1.       What is the significance of the series title UNNATURAL CAUSES?

2.       What are social determinants of health?

3.       What is the difference between individual health and population health?

4.       How do inequality and social injustice produce health consequences, as illustrated in the film? Why is health more than health care, individual behaviors or genes?

5.       Why do we typically think of health only in terms of health care and personal behaviors? Where are these messages coming from? Who benefits from them?

6.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? What social and economic conditions and structures affect health that have nothing to do with individual choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

7.       Many Americans, when confronted with evidence of health inequities, respond that the outcomes are unfortunate but not necessarily unjust. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Whose responsibility is it to address inequities in health and in society?

8.       What social and economic conditions described in the film support and encourage healthy choices? How are resources allocated in your community or in society?

9.       What policies at the local, state or federal level (e.g., education, transportation, employment, etc.) might reduce social and economic inequities? What would a more equitable society look like? Who can make it happen?

Evaluation:  You will receive 80 points for listing and explaining 20 things learned and you will receive 80 points for answering the nine questions above.   You will receive 20 points for asking a question or posting a comment to another students post and 20 points for responding.  This forum assignment counts as two grades.

1. ive learned that race can affect health

2.ive also that money can afect your health

3.stress of a job can affect your health

4.the U.S has a low if exp rate

5.family genetics affects your health

6.we spend 2 times more on medical on insurence and medical suplies then any other country

7.income can affect your health

8.1 in 4 americans starve 40% are children

9. cultural loss impacts the health of Native American tribes in Arizona. The damming of rivers plunged local tribes into poverty, dependence and ultimately poor health. Deprived of their language, land, livelihood and traditions, many Native Americans have developed a fatalistic view about  diseases like diabetes

10.U.S is ranked 30th on life exp.

11.u.s has the highest obesity rate

12.Between 1946 and 1958, the U.S. detonated 67 nuclear devices in and around the Marshall Islands. The impact of these tests on the Marshallese people was profound - in terms of both actual radioactive exposure and the displacement of people from their home islands due to contamination and to accommodate the U.S. military.

13.In some Native American communities, diabetes is so common that people grow up feeling that it is in some ways, inevitable. "I don't have diabetes yet," is what Dr. Warne often hears from his patients. Yet hope for the future is an important factor in preventing and controlling diabetes - something health care practitioners need to take into account when treating patients.

14.The U.S. government has spent hundreds of millions of dollars over the past 40 years trying to uncover a biological explanation for why the Pima Indians of southern Arizona have one of the highest rates of diabetes in the world. But as Dr. Donald Warne tells us, diabetes was extremely rare here 100 years ago. What's changed? Not biology but environment.

15.Job loss doesn't just affect individuals. It impacts families and even whole communities. Stress, uncertainty, and lost income affect children in various ways.

16.Recent Latino immigrants are healthier than the average American, despite being generally poorer. Researchers believe that some aspects of immigrant communities may protect health. But for Latinos, the longer they are here, the worse their health becomes.

17. IN California where high levels of industrial pollution are wreaking havoc on the health and wellbeing of residents.

18.hazardies chemicals affect americans everyday.

19.Asian immigrants health is being eroded becouse of where they live.

20.new modern medicine has prevented alot of old& new dideaes

Grades Updated 11-16-08